高寒草地有害毒草--狼毒的化学防除研究

选用5种化学除草剂,用不同用药量对狼毒在花期进行化学防除试验,试验结果表明,在花期用1500ml/hm2的“狼毒净1号“叶面喷雾可使受药狼毒的死亡率达到98.50%以上,而且能有效抑制草地狼毒群落,促进禾本科牧草生长,对草地可食牧草和非靶标生物安全.     

中草药牛蒡子化学成分及药理研究进展

牛蒡子是一种常用中药,性寒,味辛、苦,归胃、肺经,具有疏散风热、宣肺透疹的功效,临床上用于治疗外感风热、咳嗽气喘、咽喉肿痛等症。综述了牛蒡子的主要化学成分木脂素类、挥发油类、脂肪油类及帖类及其抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、治疗肾病、降血糖等众多药理作用现状,旨在为牛蒡子的化学成分及其药理作用的研究与开发提供参考,指导传统中草药牛蒡子在畜牧业养殖生产中的临床应用。     

The value of vegetation cover for ecosystem services in the suburban context

Latin-American cities can be characterized by dynamic processes of urbanization that encroach upon the natural and semi-natural surrounding landscapes. Our study presents the effects of landscape development, transformed from semi-natural conditions into a mostly disperse suburban settlement. We explore the impact that this transformation has had on this context by three ecosystem services that regulate rainwater runoff, enhance microclimate conditions and help to improve air quality by monitoring vegetation cover. We have designed a spatio-temporal hierarchical analysis which employs remote sensing techniques to capture the structural changes of this landscape over long, medium and short term scales on two spatial levels. This methodological approach was tested in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (MAS) as case study area. Despite of the increase in impervious surfaces due to urban processes, there has also been an increase in vegetation cover, which has led to an improvement in the provision of the above-mentioned ecosystem services. Hence, if diverse urbanization processes continue and they are coupled with an increase in vegetation cover, the provision of ecosystem services could also expand. This phenomenon can be observed in some areas, where public and private green spaces are created and maintained. Our data analyses give evidence that certain types of suburban areas which increase the share of vegetation cover can provide daily ecological benefits for urban neighborhoods, and beyond, for adjacent areas. Moreover, suburban development can successfully provide ecological benefits to citizens. Such processes can only be ecologically sustainable if the composition of vegetation is well-adapted to the regional climatic conditions.     

茉莉花茶加工技术与吸香机理研究现状

为了进一步综合地认识茉莉花茶窨制的工艺本质、完善茉莉花茶窨制技术,本文综述和分析了茉莉花茶加工技术及吸香机理的研究现状,并对后续研究进行了展望。     

线性红利界下带干扰风险模型的破产概率

考虑到保险公司在实际经营中收益所具有的不确定性和分红策略，建立一类具有线性红利界和带随机扰动的双复合Poisson风险模型，利用鞅方法给出模型关于破产概率的一个定理及上界．     

Evaluating biodegradability of soil organic matter by its thermal stability and chemical composition

The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) as it relates to resistance to microbial degradation has important implications for nutrient cycling, emission of greenhouse gases, and C sequestration. Hence, there is interest in developing new ways to quantify and characterise the labile and stable forms of SOM. Our objective in this study was to evaluate SOM under widely contrasting management regimes to determine whether the variation in chemical composition and resistance to pyrolysis observed for various constituent C fractions could be related to their resistance to decomposition. Samples from the same soil under permanent pasture, an arable cropping rotation, and chemical fallow were physically fractionated (sand: 2000-50 μm; silt: 50-5 μm, and clay: <5 μm). Biodegradability of the SOM in size fractions and whole soils was assessed in a laboratory mineralization study. Thermal stability was determined by analytical pyrolysis using a Rock-Eval pyrolyser, and chemical composition was characterized by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the C and N K-edges. Relative to the pasture soil, SOM in the arable and fallow soils declined by 30% and 40%, respectively. The mineralization bioassay showed that SOM in whole soil and soil fractions under fallow was less susceptible to biodegradation than that in other management practices. The SOM in the sand fraction was significantly more biodegradable than that in the silt or clay fractions. Analysis by XANES showed a proportional increase in carboxylates and a reduction in amides (protein) and aromatics in the fallow whole soil compared to the pasture and arable soils. Moreover, protein depletion was greatest in the sand fraction of the fallow soil. Sand fractions in fallow and arable soils were, however, relatively enriched in plant-derived phenols, aromatics, and carboxylates compared to the sand fraction of pasture soils. Analytical pyrolysis showed distinct differences in the thermal stability of SOM among the whole soil and their size fractions; it also showed that the loss of SOM generally involved preferential degradation of H-rich compounds. The temperature at which half of the C was pyrolyzed was strongly correlated with mineralizable C, providing good evidence for a link between the biological and thermal stability of SOM.     

基于PID神经网络的滑翔增程制导炮弹解耦控制系统设计

采用Wiener空间的两个算子以及相关的恒等式，提出了新的方法证明了关于高斯过程函数的中心极限定理，并给出了该中心极限定理的应用实例.     

云南白雪茶研究现状及开发利用

云南白雪茶是滇西北高寒地区民间特有的一种长期使用的药物和保健饮品,具有茶文化特征.从云南民间的食用经验来看,白雪茶具有显著的清热、止咳、安神等保健作用,现代药理学研究又证明,白雪茶还具有抗炎、解热、抗疲劳、抗辐射、促进免疫等药理学活性.根据雪茶的研究现状对其植物学特性、化学成分、保健作用作了简要的阐述,为以后的开发利用提供了理论依据.     

主要农作物秸秆养分资源现状及其肥料替代潜力分析——以安徽省为例

安徽省农作物秸秆资源丰富,充分利用秸秆养分资源对于农田养分投入的合理分配具有重要意义。评估全省主要农作物秸秆还田当季有效养分替代化肥潜力,可为安徽省减肥增效提供科学依据。本研究以安徽种植面积较大的主要农作物水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、花生和油菜为研究对象,通过查阅安徽省统计数据和公开发表的文献资料,对2017年安徽省主要农作物秸秆数量、秸秆还田率以及还田当季养分利用率进行估算,明晰了全省化肥减施潜力。结果表明:2017年安徽省主要农作物秸秆资源量为4 699.9万t,秸秆资源分布上呈北部和中部较多、南部最少的特征。秸秆养分资源总量为124.8万t,N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为38.1万t、11.4万t和75.3万t,分别占全省主要农作物养分需求的40.1%、32.1%和68.9%。理论上,秸秆全量还田,且养分充分利用的情况下,秸秆养分替代化肥潜力大。但秸秆养分N、P_2O_5和K_2O当季利用率分别为38.9%、52.3%和69.9%,实际秸秆N、P_2O_5和K_2O养分还田量仅占主要农作物养分需求的15.6%、16.8%和48.2%,分别占农田养分总投入量的8.6%、6.4%和41.4%。通过秸秆还田,全省可减施化肥63.3万t,减施比例为19.8%, N、P_2O_5和K_2O减施比例分别为11.4%、17.2%、40.7%。进一步提高秸秆还田率和当季养分释放率,是推进全省化肥减施增效的有利手段。